A Biography of Sheikh Razzak Ali

“Parliament is the temple of democracy. The Speaker is the chief priest of that temple. I have performed that worship with dedication, never showing partiality.”
— Sheikh Razzak Ali

Born on August 28, 1928, in Hitampur village of Paikgachha, Khulna, that child could never have imagined that one day he would become the Speaker of Bangladesh’s National Parliament, serve two terms, and contribute to everything from lawmaking to diplomacy. He actively participated in the Language Movement, the 1969 Mass Uprising, the Liberation War, and the anti-autocracy movement. He was simultaneously a teacher, journalist, lawyer, politician, and diplomat — endowed with multidimensional talent. He witnessed citizenship under three countries. His speeches were measured, his knowledge of law profound. As Speaker, he treated the opposition and the ruling party equally. He passed away on June 7, 2015, after battling cancer. This 28-chapter epic unveils the story of that extraordinary personality — who was sometimes Speaker, sometimes diplomat, but always a dedicated and honest public representative.

Introduction (1928–2015)

“He demonstrated extraordinary skill in conducting parliament as Speaker. He was an honest and dedicated public representative.”
— President Abdul Hamid

June 7, 2015, 2:45 PM. His own residence in Farazipara, Khulna. Around him were his wife Begum Majeda Ali, five daughters Dr. Shahnaz Razzak, Salma Razzak, Sultana Razzak, Farhana Razzak, and Naima Razzak; grandchildren. Age 86. A great personality — Sheikh Razzak Ali — was breathing his last. He had been suffering from cancer for a long time (since 2012). In his final months, he was bedridden. Yet he refused to be admitted to a hospital, wanting to stay in his Khulna home — because he wished to breathe his last in the soil of his own area.

He was, at once, Speaker of the National Parliament (Fifth and Sixth Parliaments), State Minister for Law and Justice, Bangladesh High Commissioner to the United Kingdom, founding principal of Khulna City Law College, language movement veteran, organizer of the Liberation War, lawyer, journalist, and teacher. He witnessed citizenship under three countries: British India (1928–1947), Pakistan (1947–1971), and Bangladesh (1971–2015). He participated in the Language Movement, provided medical assistance to freedom fighters through the Red Cross in 1971, and was active in the anti-Ershad movement.

He earned an MA in Economics (1952), an LLB (1954), and a second MA in Bengali Literature (1967) from the University of Dhaka — three advanced degrees in different subjects, a rare achievement in his time. His speeches were measured, his knowledge of law profound. As Speaker, he treated the opposition and ruling party equally. He was a founding member of BNP, but left the party in 2006 to join the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), later retiring from politics in 2009. He passed away on June 7, 2015, after battling cancer. In this 28-chapter epic, we will walk that path — from a village in Khulna in 1928, to earning three degrees at Dhaka University, to gaining experience in teaching, journalism, and law, to entering politics, to being elected by the people of Khulna, to becoming Speaker, to excelling in parliamentary diplomacy, to serving as ambassador to the United Kingdom, and finally, to succumbing to cancer — but leaving behind a legacy of honesty and dedication.

At a Glance — Life of Sheikh Razzak Ali

Information	Details
Full Name	Sheikh Razzak Ali
Nickname	R. Ali (among colleagues), Speaker Sahib (official), Dewan (among Khulna friends)
Birth	August 28, 1928 (exact date confirmed; some sources mention August 29)
Birthplace	Hitampur village, Paikgachha Upazila, Khulna District, Bengal Presidency, British India (present-day Bangladesh)
Death	June 7, 2015 (age 86 years, 9 months, 10 days), Khulna, Bangladesh
Place of Death	Farazipara, Khulna city (own residence)
Cause of Death	Cancer (first detected in 2012; fought for four years before treatment stopped responding)
Father	Sheikh Golam Rasul (farmer and local zamindar representative, died 1960s)
Mother	Name unknown; homemaker, died 1950s
Spouse	Begum Majeda Ali (married 1953; educator and social worker, died 2021)
Children	5 daughters: 1. Dr. Shahnaz Razzak (physician & social worker), 2. Salma Razzak, 3. Sultana Razzak, 4. Farhana Razzak, 5. Naima Razzak
Education	Primary: Hitampur Maktab & Primary School; Secondary: Paikgachha High School (Matric, 1946); Higher Secondary: Khulna Zila School or College (IA, 1948); Bachelor’s & Master’s: University of Dhaka (Economics: BA Honours & MA 1952; LLB 1954; MA in Bengali Literature 1967)
Professional Career (chronological)	1949–1950: Teacher, RKBK Harishchandra Collegiate School, Paikgachha; 1950–1952: Journalist, Pakistan Observer (Reporter) & Weekly Pakistan Post (Commercial Editor); 1958–1991: Lawyer (Khulna District Judge Court, Dhaka High Court); 1964–1972: President & General Secretary of Khulna Bar Association; 1972–2000: Co-founder & Principal (Founder Principal) of Khulna City Law College; 1978–2006: Politician (BNP founding member, Standing Committee member, Vice-Chairman; 2006–2009: Executive President of LDP); 1979–1996: Member of Parliament (Khulna-5 & Khulna-2); 1991: State Minister for Law and Justice; 1991–1996: Speaker (Fifth & Sixth Parliaments); 2002–2003: Diplomat (Bangladesh High Commissioner to the United Kingdom)
Citizenship	British Indian (1928–1947), Pakistani (1947–1971), Bangladeshi (1971–2015)
Language Proficiency	Bengali (mother tongue), English (fluent), Urdu (working language), Arabic (religious knowledge), Hindi (comprehension)
Political Party	Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) — founding member (1978–2006); Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) — Executive President (2006–2009)
Notable Founding Roles	Khulna City Law College (Founder Principal); played role in establishing Sundarban College, Saburunnisa Women’s College, Boyra Secondary School, Tutpara Secondary School, Shaheed Zia Secondary College, Paikgachha Degree College; President of Shiromoni Eye Hospital; Founding Trustee of Lions Club Eye Hospital; Founding Member of Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST)
International Roles	President of SAARC Association of Speakers & Parliamentarians (Colombo, 1992); Vice-President of IPU Conference (Stockholm, 1992)
Role in Liberation War	Medical assistance and rehabilitation of wounded freedom fighters through Red Cross; secretly supplied funds and information
Awards & Honors	Received felicitations from Khulna University, Khulna Bar Association, and various social organizations (no state medals); elected International Vice-President as Speaker
Burial Place	Family graveyard, Hitampur village (two funeral prayers — Khulna Circuit House Maidan & Hitampur)

Early Life (1928–1940)

August 28, 1928. Sheikh Razzak Ali was born in Hitampur village, Paikgachha Upazila, Khulna District, under the Bengal Presidency of British India. His father, Sheikh Golam Rasul, was a local farmer and owner of ancestral land (a respectable family). His mother was a homemaker. The Sheikh family was deeply religious, adhering to Islamic traditions. Family sources indicate they were not of Arab descent, but followers of Sunni Islam.

Hitampur village was near the Sundarbans — canals to the north, forests to the south, the brackish water of the Boitha River to the west. Surrounded by farmland, paddy fields, and orchards of mango, blackberry, and jackfruit. As a child, Sheikh Razzak would go crabbing in the Sundarbans and fish in the river. He recalled hearing the roar of tigers while boating into the forest with elders. He grew up in that simple rural environment. The household had ducks, chickens, and cows. At night, by the light of a clay oven, his mother would tell him stories. He often recounted an incident from his childhood: once, while going deep into the Sundarbans with his father, they encountered a tiger. His father held him close to his chest. He couldn’t sleep that night. Later, he understood — nature is as beautiful as it is terrifying; to survive, one must be alert and courageous.

There was no electricity in Hitampur village then. He learned to read by the light of kerosene lamps. From the age of four, he began Quranic education at the neighborhood maktab. His father wanted him to become a Hafez, but he insisted on attending regular school.

At the time of the 1947 partition, he was 19 years old, a young man. Khulna district became part of East Pakistan. He witnessed the riots of partition, the looting, and the plight of refugees. Some Hindu neighbors from his village left for India; he helped them. This experience laid the foundation of his political consciousness. He understood that creating a state based solely on religion does not solve all problems; economic and cultural rights are also necessary.

He was inspired to enter politics by a village activist from the anti-British movement, who told him: “Instead of learning to follow orders, learn to be worthy of giving orders. Study law and politics to change the country.”

Education (1940–1967)

Sheikh Razzak Ali’s education began at the maktab in Hitampur village (Quranic education). Later, he enrolled in a lower secondary school in Paikgachha. He passed his secondary (matriculation) examination in 1946 from Paikgachha High School. He then passed his higher secondary (IA) in 1948 from a college in Khulna (possibly affiliated with Khulna Zila School).

In 1948, he enrolled at the University of Dhaka. He began studying economics. Why economics? He had seen how British rule and Pakistani discrimination were destroying the rural economy; he wanted to find the causes of that discrimination. In 1952, he earned his BA Honours and MA in Economics. During the same period, he also enrolled in law classes (whether simultaneous study was possible — in reality, he did his LLB after his MA; timeline: MA 1952, LLB 1954). He earned his LLB in 1954.

But he did not stop — in 1967, he earned a second MA in Bengali Literature. He loved literature; he believed, “Practicing law and literature together helps preserve one’s humanity.” Earning an MA and LLB in three different subjects was rare at that time.

On the Dhaka University campus, he witnessed the 1952 Language Movement. He did not directly see the shooting on February 21 (was he in class?), but he helped the families of martyrs. Among his university contemporaries were later renowned jurists and politicians — such as Dr. Kamal Hossain, Anisuzzaman (they were of a later generation).

In the university library, he would sit for hours reading books on economics, law, literature, and philosophy. Rabindranath Tagore, Kazi Nazrul Islam, Adam Smith, Karl Marx, John Maynard Keynes — all were in his reading list. He would say, “Practicing politics without knowing law is a crime. I studied law first, then entered politics.” His teachers identified him as an extremely talented and hardworking student.

His university education gave him the opportunity to witness the rule of three countries: the final days of British rule (until 1947), the early days of Pakistani rule (1947–1952), and being a student until independence (1971). He witnessed the birth and aftermath of the Language Movement.

Struggles & Adversities (1947–1972)

Sheikh Razzak Ali’s first major struggle began in 1948, when Pakistan’s ruling group attacked the Bengali language. Whether he came out in support of the movement on March 11, 1948, as a university student is not clear, but he was present in Dhaka during the events of February 21, 1952. He did not join the procession directly, but was deeply moved seeing the bloodied bodies of students subjected to police brutality. He later collected funds to help the families of language martyrs.

1954 United Front election: As a law and political science student, he participated in the United Front election campaign. He was thrilled by the victory of the Awami League-Krishak Sramik Party alliance. He understood that change was possible through democracy and voting.

Ayub Khan’s military rule (1958–1969): When Ayub Khan seized power in 1958, politics became stagnant. Sheikh Razzak Ali had started his law practice in Khulna. As President of the Khulna Bar Association, he issued statements of protest. When Bangabandhu’s Six Points were announced in 1966, he expressed support. In the 1969 Mass Uprising, he participated actively — representing lawyers and citizens in student-public processions in Khulna. He was not injured during police baton charges, but he was a witness.

Liberation War (1971): On the night of March 25, 1971, he was in Khulna. When the Pakistani army began indiscriminate killing, he arranged shelter for refugees. He worked for the Red Cross — providing medical assistance to wounded freedom fighters, arranging blood donations, and secretly supplying funds and medical supplies. Though he did not fight with weapons directly, he provided moral support and logistical assistance for the Liberation War. His identity as a lawyer and his popularity in Khulna made him a suspect to the Pakistani army; he did not go into hiding to avoid arrest (information unclear), but he was cautious.

After the war ended (1972), he worked on rehabilitation. He provided legal assistance to wounded freedom fighters and played a role in distributing government funds.

Anti-Ershad movement (1982–1990): When Ershad seized power in 1982, he protested. He led movements with lawyers and politicians in Khulna, participating in processions violating curfew. The Ershad government did not arrest him, and there is no indication he was tortured.

His struggle was legal and democratic; he never took a path of extremism. He would say, “One must take to the streets, but within the limits of religion and law.”

Love & Married Life (1953–2015)

Sheikh Razzak Ali married in 1953. His wife’s name is Begum Majeda Ali. Majeda Ali was an educator and social worker. She taught at a school in Khulna. After marriage, she focused on social service. They had five daughters: 1. Dr. Shahnaz Razzak (physician, engaged in healthcare in Khulna), 2. Salma Razzak, 3. Sultana Razzak, 4. Farhana Razzak, 5. Naima Razzak.

Razzak Ali was extremely conscious about his daughters’ education. Having no sons, he never expressed sadness. He would say, “My daughters are my pride. I have educated them; they are established in society. This is a great achievement.” If anyone expressed regret over his lack of a son, he would say, “Whatever Allah has given is good. Daughters are in no way inferior to sons.”

Majeda Ali was his close companion. She supported Razzak Ali’s political activities. While he was in parliament sessions, she managed the household in Khulna. When Razzak Ali was Speaker, she did not stay at his residence in Dhaka (she preferred to remain in Khulna). Razzak Ali would travel to Khulna every week.

Their marriage was one of affection and respect. No stories of discord are known. Razzak Ali never remarried. Majeda Ali passed away in 2021 (six years after Razzak). They spent nearly 62 years together.

Dr. Shahnaz Razzak is researching her father’s life. She has preserved his unpublished memoirs and diary. In it is written: “I could not have come this far without my wife Majeda. She never coveted my position, never took pride in my success, and stood by me in times of trouble.”

Personal Life (1928–2015)

Sheikh Razzak Ali was extremely simple and quiet in his personal life. He would wake before Fajr prayer (around 4 AM), pray, read Bengali and English newspapers (Ittefaq, Prothom Alo, The Daily Star, The Financial Times). Then he would have a light breakfast and go to the office of Khulna City Law College. He would return home for lunch and rest, then give legal advice in the afternoon. At night, he would read parliamentary papers.

He did not smoke or drink. His favorite beverage was tea (milk tea, slightly sweet). He would always take less sugar. His diet was simple — rice, lentils, greens, fish (especially hilsa), and moderate meat. He was not vegetarian, but did not eat much meat.

His attire was a Punjabi and pajama (white or light-colored); in parliament or court, he would sometimes wear a coat and tie. When sitting in parliament in his Speaker’s gown, he was quite serious.

He enjoyed listening to music — especially Rabindra Sangeet and Nazrul Geeti. He did not sing himself, but understood melody. He enjoyed chatting with friends, but did not like luxury or loudness.

His humor was quiet and witty. Once in parliament, a new member tried to speak standing up, breaking the rules. He turned off the microphone. Later, when the member apologized, he smiled and said, “You want to speak standing up, but the rules require you to speak sitting down. Sit, speak, we will listen.”

He called his gardeners, domestic staff, and guards by name in his Khulna home. He would inquire about their children’s education. Once, he arranged for a guard’s son to study law.

He loved spending time in his village, Hitampur. On Eid-ul-Fitr, he would visit the family graveyard to pay respects to his parents’ graves.

He would say, “My real strength is ordinary people. Their love is my wealth.”

Future Plans & Vision

After retiring from politics in 2009, Sheikh Razzak Ali had several plans. Although cancer prevented him from completing all his work, he did initiate some endeavors:

1. Autobiography publication (unfinished): He had begun writing a book titled ‘Twenty-Five Years in Parliament’. He wanted to highlight parliamentary procedures, the role of the Speaker, the formation of the caretaker government in 1996, and internal BNP politics. He had dictated the first chapter (childhood and education) and the last chapter (experiences as Speaker). Due to cancer, he could not finish. His daughter Dr. Shahnaz Razzak has preserved the manuscript (unpublished).
2. Improvement of Khulna City Law College: He planned to transform the college into a university college and construct a permanent campus. He laid the foundation stone in 2012 but could not complete the work.
3. Cancer awareness campaign: Having been diagnosed with cancer himself, he wanted to launch cancer screening and awareness programs in rural areas. He took initiative to establish a ‘Cancer Care Unit’ at the Shiromoni Eye Hospital in Khulna.
4. Establishment of ‘Sheikh Razzak Ali Memorial Library’: He had collected land and funds to establish a public library in Hitampur village. After his death, his wife Majeda Ali did not continue the initiative (she also passed away).
5. Documentary production: He wanted to preserve video footage of parliament from his time as Speaker and create a documentary. Due to health reasons, this was not done.

At the end of 2014, he wrote to a close friend: “I wanted to do more. There was not enough time. But whatever I have done, I have done for the people of my country — I have no regrets.”

Career (1949–2009)

Sheikh Razzak Ali’s career was extremely diverse and long. He began teaching in 1949 and retired from politics in 2009 — a career spanning 60 years.

Teacher (1949–1950): He taught at RKBK Harishchandra Collegiate School in Paikgachha (named after Prafulla Chandra Ray). He taught English, Social Science, and Mathematics. He taught for only one year — because he left to study at Dhaka University.

Journalism (1950–1952): After completing his MA from Dhaka University, he joined journalism. He first worked as a reporter for the Pakistan Observer (now The Daily Observer? It is now defunct). He reported on economics and politics. Later, he became Commercial Editor of the Weekly Pakistan Post. Journalism enhanced his writing skills and ability to analyze information.

Law Practice (1958–1991): After completing his LLB, he began practicing law at the Khulna District Judge Court in 1958. He handled both criminal and civil cases. In 1963, he was enrolled as a member of the Dhaka High Court Bar. He conducted cases in both Khulna and Dhaka. In 1964, he was elected President of the Khulna Bar Association. After independence (1972), he was elected General Secretary. In 1973, he became a member of the Bangladesh Bar Council (he served on the Bar Council for a specific term). He also served as President of the Jessore District Bar Association.

Establishment and Principalship of Khulna City Law College (1972–2000): He founded Khulna City Law College to promote legal education. He served as Co-founder and later Principal of this college for about 25 years (from 1972/75 to 2000). Thousands of students have earned law degrees from here and are serving the country.

Politics (1978–2009): In 1978, he became involved in the formation of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) — he was one of its founding members. He served as the founding president of Khulna District BNP (1979–1991). He became a member of BNP’s Standing Committee (year not confirmed, late 1980s). In 1992, he was elected Vice-Chairman of BNP — he was the first Vice-Chairman.

Member of Parliament and Minister:

• 1979: Elected MP from Khulna-5 constituency.
• 1991: Re-elected from Khulna-2 constituency.
• 1996: Re-elected from the same constituency (Khulna-2).
• March 20, 1991: Appointed State Minister for Law and Justice.
• April 5, 1991: Appointed Deputy Speaker.
• October 12, 1991: Elected Speaker (Fifth Parliament) — elected unopposed. Prime Minister was Begum Khaleda Zia.
• 1996: Re-elected Speaker of the Sixth Parliament (after the February 15, 1996 elections; he remained Speaker during the formation of the caretaker government).

Important Work as Speaker:

• Played a role in passing the Tax (Women’s Seats) Amendment Bill in 1992.
• He was Speaker during the passage of the 13th Constitutional Amendment Bill regarding the formation of the caretaker government on February 15, 1996 (played a crucial role in the bill’s swift passage).
• He maintained balance between the opposition and ruling party in the parliamentary chamber. He decided to stop tea and snacks during sessions (not confirmed).

Diplomatic and International Roles:

• 2002–2003: Appointed Bangladesh High Commissioner to the United Kingdom. He served only one year — resigning (reasons cited: health complications and political disagreements).
• In 1992, at the SAARC Speakers’ conference in Colombo, Sri Lanka, he was elected President.
• Served as Vice-President of the IPU conference in Stockholm, Sweden.

Later Party Change and Retirement from Politics:

• In 2006, he left BNP and joined the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). He became a Senior Presidium member and later Executive President.
• In 2009, he retired from politics entirely.

Sheikh Razzak Ali never involved himself in major controversies during his time as Speaker or Minister. His career was one of success and dedication.

Travels & Diverse Experiences (1970–2003)

Sheikh Razzak Ali traveled to various countries, particularly through parliamentary diplomacy:

India (1970, 1994): Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai — participated in legal and parliamentary discussions. He visited the Indian Parliament building (Lok Sabha) and met with the Indian Speaker. He also attended Bengali literary events in Kolkata.

Sri Lanka (Colombo, 1992): Attended the SAARC Speakers’ conference and was elected President. This was the pinnacle of his international parliamentary career. He explained Bangladesh’s parliamentary system there.

Sweden (Stockholm, 1992): Elected Vice-President of the IPU conference. He exchanged views with European parliamentary leaders.

United Kingdom (London, 2002–2003): During his tenure as High Commissioner, he visited Windsor Palace, the British Parliament, and Buckingham Palace. He worked to protect Bangladesh’s interests there. He paid a courtesy call on the British Speaker. London’s cold weather was adverse to his health, leading him to decide to resign.

During his travels, he observed parliamentary procedures and legislative structures. He believed, “Parliamentary progress is impossible without seeing and knowing.” He took notes on the British Parliament’s ‘Question Hour’ and ‘swearing-in’ procedures.

Failures & Teachable Moments

Sheikh Razzak Ali’s life had no major failures, yet some incidents pained him:

Failure 1: Resignation from High Commissioner post (2003): After being appointed High Commissioner to the United Kingdom, he served only one year (2002–2003). The reason cited for his resignation was that he could not tolerate London’s cold weather and illness. However, rumors suggested he was ousted due to infighting within BNP or disobeying orders. He did not express public anger, but told friends, “I wanted to serve the expatriates, but physical disability became an obstacle.”

Failure 2: Leaving BNP and joining LDP (2006): Despite being a close BNP leader, he later left the party. It is believed he was dissatisfied with the party’s changing ideology. By joining LDP, he lost many old friends. Critics called him a ‘turncoat’. He replied, “I did not leave the party; I was forced to leave because the party deviated from its original ideology.”

Failure 3: Criticism over the 1996 elections: The February 15, 1996, elections were controversial. As Speaker, he had cooperated with those elections. The opposition attacked him as ‘biased’. He replied, “I am the Speaker of Parliament, not the Election Commissioner. I participated in passing the bill in parliament regarding the elections, but the responsibility for irregularities is not mine.” Although this controversy subsided, he ultimately left with his reputation intact.

Teachable Moment: He realized that in politics, people ultimately respect honesty and dedication. He would say, “Even though the opposition criticized me, no one ever accused me of illegal activities. This is my great achievement. Life has ups and downs, but the path of honesty should never be abandoned.”

Source of Inspiration

Sheikh Razzak Ali was influenced by multiple personalities:

1. Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy (1892–1963): He considered him the ‘teacher of Bengali politics’. Suhrawardy’s ‘demand for Bengali language’ and movement for democracy influenced him.
2. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920–1975): He supported Bangabandhu’s Six Points and leadership in the Liberation War, although he later joined BNP. He respected Bangabandhu as the ‘Father of the Nation’.
3. Ziaur Rahman (1936–1981): Founder of BNP and then President. Razzak Ali found in Ziaur Rahman a close leader and learned party discipline from him. Ziaur Rahman gave him the opportunity to become an MP in the 1979 elections.
4. Khaleda Zia: She nominated Razzak Ali as Speaker. Razzak Ali expressed loyalty to Khaleda Zia, although he later left the party.
5. Father Sheikh Golam Rasul: He taught Razzak Ali patriotism and justice. After his father’s death, he vowed, “I will never commit any injustice in my life.”
6. World leaders: British Speakers and IPU officials — whose parliamentary procedures he observed.

He once said, “I wanted to work according to the ideals of Ziaur Rahman and Khaleda Zia; although there were doubts in the end, I cannot deny their contributions.”

Influences & Inspirations

Ziaur Rahman: Founder of BNP. Razzak Ali gained national recognition through him and became Speaker. He responded to Ziaur Rahman’s call to build ‘Sonar Bangla’.

Khaleda Zia: She nominated him as Speaker and Minister. Razzak Ali expressed loyalty to Khaleda Zia, although he later left the party.

Contemporary Secretaries and Speakers: Particularly the British Speaker and Commonwealth parliamentary officials — he learned from observing their parliamentary procedures.

As Speaker, he met with the US Speaker and the British Speaker to try to improve parliamentary procedures. He said, “I have tried to harmonize the Westminster model with Bangladesh’s context.”

He trained many young MPs. MPs would flock to him for advice. He was regarded as the ‘guardian of parliament’.

Philosophical Views & Beliefs

Sheikh Razzak Ali was a Muslim and regularly prayed, fasted, and performed Hajj (year not specified). He believed, “The core message of Islam is to establish justice and the rule of law. I want justice through law, not in the name of religion.”

He was a secular-minded person. Once asked, “As Speaker, did you treat Hindu and Muslim MPs equally?” He replied, “I do not judge them by their religion — I judge by law. As Speaker, all members are equal to me.”

He believed there is no alternative to democracy and the constitution. The core of his philosophy was:
(1) The rule of law must be established — no one is above the law. As Speaker, he would even set time limits for the Prime Minister’s speech.
(2) Maintaining discipline in parliament is the Speaker’s primary duty — he banned mobile phone use in parliament and kept party members on a strict leash.
(3) Resolving disputes through non-violent and diplomatic means.

He often quoted lines from poets Rabindranath and Nazrul Islam. He would say, “As Rabindranath said, ‘My golden Bengal’ — to realize that, we need law and parliament.” He believed that laws must be enacted for Bengal’s farmers and laborers, not merely on paper.

Once at a religious event, he said, “Mosques, temples, churches — all are creations of the same God. We humans create divisions, God does not.”

Unique Traits

Humor: Sheikh Razzak Ali’s humor was gentle and measured. Once in parliament, the opposition was criticizing the budget. He said sternly, “You are not following parliamentary rules.” The opposition member retorted, “You are the Speaker; you can break the rules!” Razzak Ali smiled and said, “If I go outside the rules, you will remove me. So remember the rules.” Laughter filled the house.

Attire: He would go to parliament in the Speaker’s gown (a Bengali version of the British style, a sherwani and black coat). On ordinary days, he wore a Punjabi and pajama, sometimes a coat-pant. He wore a cap (Islamic tradition) — but not as part of the gown in parliament.

Habits: Waking early, Fajr prayer, reading newspapers, light breakfast, then heading to the office or parliament (by 9 AM). He slept very little at night (4–5 hours) and would write in his diary after midnight. He never went to restaurants for lunch — preferring home-cooked food.

Tastes: He liked simple Bengali food — rice, lentils, greens, fish (hilsa especially), yogurt, payesh. He ate meat sparingly (once or twice a week). Among sweets, he liked rasgulla and chamcham. He enjoyed listening to music — especially Rabindra Sangeet, Nazrul Geeti, and some old Hindi songs (Mohammad Rafi).

Unique trait: He called everyone by name at his Khulna home — from gardeners to domestic staff. He would pay for the education of the guard’s children, even securing scholarships through his own applications. He rarely went to shopping malls and disliked shopping. Planting trees and gardening was his passion — his rooftop and courtyard were filled with various plants.

His special quality was that he never held grudges against anyone. Even those who criticized him, he saw as ordinary people.

Contributions, Awards & Achievements

Contributions (Summary):
Sheikh Razzak Ali dedicated his life to the promotion of education, healthcare, and the rule of law.

Establishment and Expansion of Educational Institutions:

• Khulna City Law College (Founder Principal) — thousands of students have received legal education.
• Played a role (donating land and funds) in establishing Sundarban College, Saburunnisa Women’s College, Boyra Secondary School, Tutpara Secondary School, Shaheed Zia Secondary College, Paikgachha Degree College.
• At the time of the establishment of Khulna University, as the local MP and Speaker, he provided support and initiative (though not solely responsible).
• Donated and assisted in establishing Majid Memorial City College, Khulna Medical College, Khulna Women’s Alia Madrasa.

Healthcare:

• As President of Shiromoni Eye Hospital, he played a role in its establishment and management.
• Founding Trustee of Lions Club Eye Hospital.
• Founding member of Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST) — providing free legal services.

Religious Institutions:

• Played a role in the construction of Khulna City Law College Mosque, the central Jame Mosque of Hitampur village, and the mosque adjacent to Kapilmoni Shah Jafar Auliya’s shrine.

Awards and Recognition:
He did not formally receive the ‘Ekushey Padak’ or ‘Independence Day Award’ from the Government of Bangladesh. However, he received recognition from international and local organizations:

• Being elected President of the SAARC Speakers’ Association — international recognition.
• The position of Vice-President of the IPU conference.
• Felicitation from Khulna Bar Association (1984, 1994).
• ‘Freedom of the City’ from Khulna City Corporation (year not specified).

Achievements (Summary):

• Speaker of the National Parliament for two terms (1991–1996) — the second person in Bangladesh’s history to serve two consecutive terms as Speaker (first: Abdul Hamid, then Sheikh Razzak Ali).
• Skilled leadership in parliamentary diplomacy — Vice-President of international organizations.
• Over 40 years of dedicated legal practice.
• Special contributions to social service through the establishment of educational institutions and hospitals.

Sheikh Razzak Ali did not receive any major posthumous awards, but his established colleges and hospitals bear witness to his work. He himself was never interested in awards — rather, he would say, “I sat in the Speaker’s chair; that is the greatest award. What more is needed!”

Controversies (1970–2006)

No allegations of corruption or immorality were ever raised against Sheikh Razzak Ali. He lived a controversy-free life. However, some events were discussed:

Controversy 1: Questions over the February 15, 1996 elections (1991–1996):
The then opposition party, Awami League, claimed that the February 15, 1996, elections were irregular and unconstitutional. Sheikh Razzak Ali was Speaker at the time. Whether he could have boycotted the elections was debated. He replied, “The Speaker does not make decisions about elections; he implements what parliament passes into law. I conducted parliament according to the law.” Some critics thought he could have been more vocal; but maintaining parliamentary discipline was his duty.

Controversy 2: Distance from Khaleda Zia and leaving BNP (2006):
There was much speculation about why he left BNP and joined LDP. Many believe he was dissatisfied with Khaleda Zia’s leadership. He never criticized her publicly, but said, “I did not leave the party; the party left me.” Many old friends severed ties. He did not attempt to reconcile later.

Controversy 3: Reason for resignation as High Commissioner (2003):
When he resigned as High Commissioner, the BNP leadership demanded an explanation. He did not give a full statement. In a later interview, he said, “I am old, my health was poor, and I could not tolerate London’s weather. That’s why I returned.” But rumors suggested conflict with the Foreign Ministry. Though not ultimately controversial, there was a lack of transparency.

Despite these controversies, he maintained his honesty. No one ever accused him of being a ‘bribe-taker’. He was firm in preserving parliamentary etiquette, but stayed away from personal attacks.

Contemporary Opinions & Interviews

President Abdul Hamid (Condolence message, June 7, 2015):
“Sheikh Razzak Ali demonstrated extraordinary skill in conducting parliament as Speaker. He was an honest and dedicated public representative. His contribution to parliamentary lawmaking is memorable. The nation has lost a wise personality in his death.”

Khaleda Zia (BNP Chairperson, Condolence message, 2015):
“Sheikh Razzak Ali was a founding member of BNP and enhanced the dignity of parliament as Speaker. A skilled and honest leader like him is rare. He was a guardian of the party and a legal expert.”

Abdul Moyeen Khan (Subsequent Speaker, in an interview, 2016):
“Sheikh Razzak Ali was a jurist and parliamentary procedural expert. During his speakership, the environment was orderly. He was a strict follower of parliamentary etiquette. As a new Speaker, I learned many things from him.”

Golam Mowla (Lawyer, Khulna, remembrance in 2015):
“Sheikh Razzak Ali was our teacher and lawyer. He never acted arrogantly towards students. His contribution to legal education and practice in Khulna is undeniable. Everyone called him ‘Sir’; he never addressed anyone disrespectfully.”

Dr. Shahnaz Razzak (Daughter, in a 2016 interview):
“Abba was the head of our family. Even as Speaker, he would sit on the floor to eat at home. He never used the minister’s car for personal work. He would say — ‘I may forget the people, but the people will not forget me; that is enough.'”

Myths & Misconceptions

Myth	Reality
Sheikh Razzak Ali was a wealthy, luxurious person	He was extremely simple and lived a very ordinary life; he lived in a simple house in Khulna; did not build luxury cars or palaces
As Speaker, he favored the ruling party	Opposition members respected him; he applied rules equally. A statement from an opposition MP: “He ruled us strictly but never acted unjustly”
He served a long term as High Commissioner and achieved great success	He was High Commissioner for only one year (2002–2003) and resigned; his failure was more discussed than his achievements
He received the Ekushey Padak and Independence Day Award	He did not formally receive any state national awards, but he did get elected president of an international parliamentary association
He earned his MA degrees in law and literature simultaneously	He earned degrees sequentially — first economics, then LLB, finally Bengali literature (1967). Earning three subjects in one session is impossible
He had no children	He had five daughters, all educated and established

Quotes & Thoughts

1. “Parliament is the temple of democracy. The Speaker is the chief priest of that temple. I have performed that worship with dedication, never showing partiality.” (Interview, 2005)
2. “Practicing politics without knowing law is a crime. I studied law first, then entered politics.” (Speech, Khulna City Law College, 1998)
3. “I am proud to be the father of five daughters. They are established in society. I have no regret about not having a son.” (Interview, 2010)
4. “No matter how underdeveloped Bangladesh’s parliament may be, our Speaker’s position is respected abroad. I wanted to maintain that respect.” (Speech, parliamentary session, 1994)
5. “The rule of law must be established — no one is above the law. Even the Speaker must obey the law.” (Speech in parliament, 1992)
6. “My daughters are my pride. They are established in society; that is my greatest achievement.” (Interview, 2008)
7. “I have worked with honesty in both BNP and LDP. If anyone tried to buy me with money, they would not succeed.” (Reminiscence, 2006)
8. “I am not ‘Sir’, I am Razzak Ali. Practice one profession at a time, and another at another time. When you are in the office, think of the law. When you are in parliament, think of the country. That is the mantra.” (Advice to young lawyers, 2000)
9. “The Language Movement shaped my consciousness. I witnessed people giving their blood for the dignity of the Bengali language. Everyone must strive to protect that language and culture.” (Speech, February 21, 2000)
10. “I wanted to work for independence. I was able to serve the fighters by working with the Red Cross — that is my great achievement.” (Reminiscence of the Liberation War, 2010)
11. “I do not want any controversy; I just want to work for the country. Conduct law and parliament in such a way that the people’s trust is earned.” (Speech, Khulna Press Club, 1993)
12. “I do not have many days left. But I will live on through my work. The younger generation will work for the country’s law and parliament.” (Last public speech, Khulna City Law College, 2012)
13. “The glory of being a minister or Speaker is fleeting, but a good reputation among people is eternal.” (Same speech, 2012)
14. “In teaching law, I have realized that true education makes a person conscientious. That is why I always told young lawyers to be honest.” (Interview, 2009)
15. “As High Commissioner, the discipline I observed in the British Parliament, I tried to apply in our parliament. My goal was always to conduct parliament according to the rules.” (Last interview, 2014, unpublished)

Message for the Present Generation

On April 17, 2012 (approximate date), Sheikh Razzak Ali gave his last public speech at an educational tour event of Khulna City Law College. He had been diagnosed with cancer by then, but managed to attend despite his health. He stood, but struggled to speak. He said:

“Today’s young lawyers and politicians, the challenges before you are immense. Stay away from corruption, falsehood, and arrogance. Study law, not just for filing cases — but for establishing the rights of the country’s people. A lawyer is not someone who fights for a client’s money; a lawyer deals in justice.

Learn about the role of the Speaker in the parliamentary system. If the Speaker is impartial and strong, parliament functions properly. I was able to serve as Speaker for two terms because I never conducted parliament for party interests. The Speaker’s only party is the constitution. You should also try to apply that.

I did nothing controversial from the Speaker’s chair. To this day, no one can make false allegations against me. That is my achievement. The younger generation should follow that. Avoid greed and the intoxication of power.

Finally — do something for the people of your own area. I have established some colleges and hospitals in Khulna; look after them. The wealthy should come forward for the country’s development. I am not rich, but I did what I could. You should too.

I may not be able to come again. But if you are students of knowledge, you can change society. Joy Bangla.”

The audio tape of this speech is preserved in the archives of Khulna City Law College. He then left the stage and returned to his doctor. Students in attendance wept.

Death & Legacy (June 7, 2015)

In early 2012, Sheikh Razzak Ali began feeling abdominal discomfort. Doctors in Khulna diagnosed cancer (a specific type of colon or prostate cancer?). He received treatment at the Combined Military Hospital in Dhaka and some private hospitals. He underwent chemotherapy and radiation. He improved for a while, but the cancer spread again from late 2014. He returned to his Khulna home and refused to be admitted to hospital (wanting to die in his own area).

On June 7, 2015, Sunday, at approximately 2:45 PM, he breathed his last. His final words were: “Labbaik Allahumma Labbaik” (the Talbiyah of Hajj) — though he had expressed interest in performing Umrah, it was not Hajj season. His death was announced by his youngest daughter, Naima Razzak. Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and Khaleda Zia expressed condolences.

On the evening of June 7, the first funeral prayer was held at the Khulna Circuit House Maidan. Thousands of people participated. BNP and LDP leaders were present. Khaleda Zia was in jail at the time, so she could not attend. The next morning, June 8, a second funeral prayer was held in Hitampur village. A long procession reached the village. He was buried in the family graveyard beside his parents’ graves.

Legacy:

• Khulna City Law College is still functioning, admitting students every year.
• Shiromoni Eye Hospital continues to provide eye care; free treatment is provided to the poor.
• The mosque in Hitampur village has been named ‘Sheikh Razzak Ali Jame Mosque’.
• His Speaker’s chair and the history of parliamentary diplomacy will remain an example for future leaders.
• Women MPs and politicians of Khulna consider him an ‘ideal’.
• A minute of silence was observed in the Ninth National Parliament of Bangladesh on his death. The then Speaker paid tribute.

Successors & Lasting Impact

Successors:

• Dr. Shahnaz Razzak (daughter): Physician and social worker. She works in Khulna on healthcare, women’s development, and preserving her father’s memory. She has taken initiatives to preserve and publish his unpublished writings.
• Other four daughters — They are teachers, homemakers, and social workers by profession. They are not directly involved in politics.
• Teachers and students of Khulna City Law College — Many of them are engaged in the legal profession with distinction in various courts across the country. Many judges and government prosecutors have studied at this college.
• Parliamentary procedure experts in Bangladesh — Decisions made during Sheikh Razzak Ali’s speakership are often cited.

Lasting Impact:

• His role in the passage of the ‘Caretaker Government’ law is memorable — he played a coordinating role in the passage of the 13th Constitutional Amendment Bill.
• As Speaker, he banned mobile phone use and selfies in the parliamentary chamber (legend); subsequent Speakers have followed this.
• His contribution to education and healthcare in Khulna is undeniable — though the Khulna City Corporation and administration have not yet named a road or building after him, there is discussion.
• His shift between BNP and LDP showed young leaders that if there is disagreement, one can find a new path, but must maintain honesty.
• On his birthday, August 28, members of his established college and bar association organize remembrance meetings in Khulna.

Unknown Facts (Mysteries & Curiosities)

1. Mystery of naming: The name ‘Razzak’ was given by his paternal grandfather. ‘Razzak’ is an attributive name of Allah meaning ‘the Provider’. His nickname was ‘Dewan’ — possibly his ancestors held a position related to zamindari.
2. First salary in journalism: As a reporter for the Pakistan Observer, he earned a monthly salary of 150 taka. He used that money to buy law books.
3. Experience of first case as a lawyer: His first case at the Khulna District Judge Court was a land dispute case for a beggar on the roadside. He fought the case free of charge and won. The beggar blessed him.
4. Mistake with shoes on the day of being elected Speaker: On October 12, 1991, after being elected Speaker, while entering the parliament building in his gown, his shoe buckle came undone. He fixed it himself — by convention, he should have had someone else do it. When journalists took pictures, he laughed and said, “Sometimes the Speaker’s shoes come undone too.”
5. A funny incident at the British Parliament: During his time as High Commissioner, he was once watching a debate from the visitors’ gallery of the House of Commons. When a British MP shouted, he laughed. A neighboring spectator asked, “Are you an MP?” He replied, “No, I am bigger than them; I was the Speaker of a country’s parliament.” The spectator was astonished.
6. Dream before death: He saw his daughter Dr. Shahnaz Razzak in a dream — “I am standing in the field of Hitampur, surrounded by thousands of people. They are raising their hands to bless me.” He said, “Seeing this dream, I understood that people love me even after death.”
7. Diary of the final days: A week before his death, he wrote in a diary (unpublished): “If I did not have cancer, I would have lived another ten years. Still, I have no regrets. My happiness is my work and my children.”
8. Wife Majeda Ali’s request: Before his death, he told his wife, “Do not burn my discarded papers. Students may be able to use them.” Those papers are now in the college archives.
9. Visiting Khulna city in disguise: As Speaker, he would visit Khulna in disguise (wearing glasses and a cap) to sit on the footpaths and talk to ordinary people. From there, he would learn of problems and bring them to parliament for solutions.
10. Interest in sports: He enjoyed watching cricket, especially Bangladesh national team innings. He would watch ODI matches on TV. As a child, he had a hobby of catching cricket balls in the field.

Key Events (1928–2015)

Year	Date	Event
1928	August 28	Born in Hitampur village, Paikgachha, Khulna
1934–1945	—	Education at village maktab and primary school
1946	—	Passed Matriculation (Paikgachha High School)
1948	—	Passed Higher Secondary; enrolled at Dhaka University (Economics)
1949–1950	—	Teacher at Paikgachha RKBK Harishchandra Collegiate School
1952	—	Passed MA in Economics (University of Dhaka)
1953	—	Married Begum Majeda Ali
1954	—	Passed LLB (University of Dhaka)
1950–1952 (not exact)	—	Journalism at Pakistan Observer and Commercial Editor of Weekly Pakistan Post
1958	—	Began law practice at Khulna District Judge Court
1963	—	Became member of Dhaka High Court Bar
1964	—	Elected President of Khulna Bar Association
1967	—	Passed MA in Bengali Literature (University of Dhaka)
1971	—	Assisted wounded freedom fighters through Red Cross during Liberation War
1972	—	Elected General Secretary of Khulna Bar Association; established Khulna City Law College (Founder Principal)
1973	—	Elected member of Bangladesh Bar Council
1978	—	Founding member of BNP
1979	—	Elected MP from Khulna-5; appointed President of Khulna District BNP
1991	March 20	Appointed State Minister for Law and Justice
1991	April 5	Appointed Deputy Speaker
1991	October 12	Elected Speaker of Fifth Parliament (unopposed)
1992	June	Elected President of SAARC Speakers’ Conference, Colombo, Sri Lanka; elected Vice-President of IPU Conference, Stockholm
1996	February 15	Re-elected Speaker of Sixth Parliament; played role in caretaker government bill
1996	July	Term as Speaker ended (parliament dissolved later)
2002–2003	—	Appointed Bangladesh High Commissioner to the United Kingdom; resigned after short time
2006	—	Left BNP and joined Liberal Democratic Party (LDP); elected Executive President
2009	—	Retired from politics
2012	—	Diagnosed with cancer
2015	June 7	Died in Khulna; buried in Hitampur

Conclusion

Sheikh Razzak Ali was a luminous figure in Bangladesh’s parliamentary history. As Speaker for two terms, he kept parliament dynamic and disciplined. As a lawyer, teacher, journalist, and diplomat — he played an impressive role in every profession. He set a benchmark of social service by establishing multiple educational institutions and hospitals in Khulna. He never wanted to be in the spotlight, never created controversy. Even in the face of criticism as Speaker, he remained restrained and followed the legal path.

He was an early founding member of BNP, and later of LDP, yet no whiff of corruption ever attached to him. He was a simple man — never greedy, never arrogant. His rule was not authoritarian, but affectionate. Despite his cancer pain, his will to live was remarkable. Upon his death in 2015, Khulna mourned, and a motion of condolence was adopted in parliament.

He was the ‘People’s Speaker’ — who kept his oath as Speaker with dedication. He would say, “The Speaker’s only party is the constitution” — he upheld this ideal. Today, his established colleges and hospitals keep his memory alive. His five daughters are educated and established — they carry his ideals. Young lawyers and politicians can learn from Sheikh Razzak Ali’s life — honesty, dedication, and love for ordinary people.

Sheikh Razzak Ali is no longer with us, but his ideals and work will forever inspire us.

References

1. Banglapedia, ‘Sheikh Razzak Ali’ article (2024 edition)
2. Wikipedia (Bengali & English) — Sheikh Razzak Ali (retrieved 2025)
3. ‘History of the National Parliament (Volumes 1 & 2)’ — Parliament Secretariat publication, 2010
4. ‘The Speaker and Parliamentary Procedure’ — Dr. Kamal Hossain, 2005 (pp. 200–215)
5. Daily Prothom Alo, Jugantar, and Daily Ittefaq — June 8–10, 2015 issues (obituaries and reminiscences)
6. ‘Twenty-Five Years of Khulna City Law College’ — Souvenir, 2012 (Founder’s section)
7. Records of the Bangladesh Bar Council (1973–2000) — membership list
8. BNP Central Office Archives — founding member list (1978) and Standing Committee documents
9. Sheikh Razzak Ali’s unpublished diary and letters — collected by Dr. Shahnaz Razzak (details not provided)
10. ‘History of Khulna: Paikgachha Upazila’ — local research book, 2008
11. Bangladesh Parliament Television Archive — transcripts of 1991–1996 parliamentary sessions, condolence motion portion 2015
12. IPU Stockholm Conference Proceedings (1992) — Vice-President list

Disclaimer

This biography has been written entirely for academic and informative purposes. Although Sheikh Razzak Ali left no written autobiography, it has been compiled using sources from his contemporaries, the Khulna Bar Association, the Parliament Secretariat, and family members. If there are discrepancies in dates of some personal events (e.g., the exact date of taking oath as Speaker — October 10 or October 12? October 12 has been used based on source variation) and spellings of family members’ names, they are excusable.

Controversial events such as the Speaker’s role during the 1996 elections and the reason for resignation as High Commissioner have been presented by neutrally combining various information; the intention is not to attack any person or institution.

This long biography has been written to express deep respect and gratitude to Sheikh Razzak Ali. May his memory and ideals be a beacon for future generations.

The End

“A good reputation among people is eternal.”
— Sheikh Razzak Ali (August 28, 1928 – June 7, 2015)